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ISSN: 0300-9041
ISSNe: 2594-2034


Indizada en: SciELO, Índice Médico Latinoamericano, LILACS, Medline
Editada por la Federación Mexicana de Colegios de Obstetricia, y Ginecologia AC
Fundada por la Asociación Mexicana de Ginecología y Obstetricia en 1945
 

INFORMACIÓN EXCLUSIVA PARA LOS PROFESIONALES DE LA SALUD


Periodicidad: continua
Abreviatura: Ginecol Obstet Mex
ISSN: 0300-9041
ISSNe: 2594-2034
Indizada en: Scimago, Índice Médico Latinoamericano, Lilacs, Medline, Science Citation Index, Ulrich, Ebsco.

Sarcomas durante el embarazo: reporte de dos casos y revisión bibliográfica

Sarcomas in pregnancy: two cases and literature review.

Ginecol Obstet Mex. 2021; 89 (6): 497-502.

https://doi.org/10.24245/gom.v89i6.4851

Francisco Ibargüengoitia-Ochoa,1 Josefina Lira-Plascencia,2 Fabiola Gallardo-Gómez,1 Carlos Rubén Mustre-Juárez,1 Arturo Maximiliano Ruiz-Beltrán,3 Cintia María Sepúlveda-Rivera1

1 Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia.
2 Departamento de Atención a la adolescente.
Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México.
3 Departamento de Medicina Interna, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México.


Corrrespondencia:

Cintia María Sepúlveda Rivera
cintiia_sepulveda@hotmail.com

Debe citarse como:

Ibargüengoitia-Ochoa F, Lira-Plascencia J, Gallardo-Gómez F, Mustre-Juárez CR, Ruiz-Beltrán AM, Sepúlveda-Rivera CM. Sarcomas durante el embarazo: reporte de dos casos y revisión bibliográfica. Ginecol Obstet Mex 2021; 89 (6): 497-502. https://doi.org/10.24245/gom.v89i6.4851

Resumen

ANTECEDENTES: Los sarcomas son neoplasias malignas primarias de partes blandas o hueso poco comunes. Desde 1963 solo se han reportado 19 y 14 casos de sarcoma de Ewing y rabdomiosarcoma asociados al embarazo, respectivamente.

OBJETIVO: Reportar los desenlaces perinatales de dos pacientes atendidas en el Instituto Nacional de Perinatología con diagnóstico de sarcoma de Ewing y rabdomiosarcoma alveolar.

CASO 1: Paciente de 22 años, con 23 semanas de embarazo y una tumoración en la región glútea izquierda de 20 cm, con dolor y dificultad para la deambulación. En la radiografía de tórax se advirtieron múltiples nódulos pulmonares. La resonancia magnética mostró un tumor en la región glútea con afectación extensa que se diagnosticó como sarcoma de Ewing metastásico en etapa IV. El tratamiento fue sintomático, con finalización del embarazo a las 28 semanas.

CASO 2: Paciente de 22 años, con 12 semanas de embarazo y diagnóstico de síndrome medular metastásico. Se realizó la descompresión de T9-11. Al evidenciar la ausencia de frecuencia cardiaca fetal se decidió el aborto diferido.

CONCLUSIONES: El diagnóstico definitivo de estos sarcomas se establece con base en la biopsia. Los cambios hormonales e inmunológicos del embarazo afectan su evolución y tienen repercusiones importantes en los desenlaces maternos y fetales adversos. La atención de estas pacientes debe ser multidisciplinaria con el consejo de no embarazarse hasta que haya desaparecido el tumor.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Sarcomas; embarazo; sarcoma de Ewing; rabdomiosarcoma; nódulos pulmonares múltiples; metástasis.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sarcomas are rare primary malignant neoplasms of soft tissue or bone. Since 1963, only 19 and 14 cases of pregnancy-associated Ewing sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, respectively, have been reported.

OBJECTIVE: To report the perinatal outcomes of two patients seen at the National Institute of Perinatology with a diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.

CASE 1: 22-year-old patient, 23 weeks pregnant, with a 20 cm tumor in the left gluteal region, with pain and difficulty in ambulation. Chest X-ray showed multiple pulmonary nodules. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a tumor in the gluteal region with extensive involvement that was diagnosed as stage IV metastatic Ewing's sarcoma. Treatment was symptomatic, with termination of pregnancy at 28 weeks.

CASE 2: 22-year-old patient, 12 weeks pregnant and diagnosed with metastatic medullary syndrome. Decompression of T9-11 was performed. Upon evidencing the absence of fetal heart rate, deferred abortion was decided.

CONCLUSIONS: The definitive diagnosis of these sarcomas is established based on biopsy. The hormonal and immunologic changes of pregnancy affect their evolution and have important repercussions on adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The care of these patients should be multidisciplinary, and advice should be given not to become pregnant until the tumor disappears.

KEYWORDS: Sarcomas; Pregnancy; Ewing Sarcoma; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Multiple pulmonary nodules; metastatic.

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